"ImmuneForward — Evidence Library Methods",""
"Purpose","Permanent evidence backbone for ImmuneForward Vitamin E content; prioritizes primary human randomized evidence, then mechanistic human evidence, animal models, and reviews."
"Search date","15 September 2026"
"Primary database","PubMed / NCBI, supplemented by direct journal/PMC records surfaced through web search."
"Core concepts searched","vitamin E; alpha-tocopherol; tocopherol; tocotrienol; immune response; T cell; IL-2; PGE2; vaccine; influenza; respiratory infection; randomized; elderly; aging; animal models."
"Inclusion","Primary studies and major reviews where vitamin E or a defined vitamin-E-containing intervention had immune, vaccine, infection, inflammatory, or immune-mediated endpoints."
"Combination interventions","Included but labeled 'combination study'; they must not be used to attribute an effect specifically to vitamin E."
"Duplicate cohorts","Companion/secondary analyses are retained as separate publications but labeled (e.g., safety or genetic secondary analysis) so they are not counted as independent efficacy trials."
"Direction rule","Direction is endpoint-aware. 'Positive/mixed' is used when some prespecified or clinically relevant endpoints improve but others do not. Disease-specific improvement is not interpreted as general immune enhancement."
"Clinical-claim rule","Every substantive clinical claim on the public website should have an immediately adjacent primary reference, and relevant negative/neutral evidence should be shown alongside positive evidence."
"Animal rule","Animal studies are explicitly labeled preclinical and cannot be presented as proof of human clinical benefit."
"Important limitation","A PubMed-centered structured search is not identical to a PRISMA systematic review across multiple bibliographic databases. Rows marked 'verify full text' require full-text extraction before publication."
"Update rule","New PubMed-indexed RCTs should be added with PMID/DOI, design, N, vitamin-E form/dose, duration, endpoints, direction and limitations."